Diagnostic Saliva On The Body , Both In Health And In Disease

Saliva, a biofluid most available and non-invasively from the human body, permanent "bathes" the mouth and trying to cope with a changing environment. Oral cavity, is very complex and unique environment for multiple functions, the only place in the body where the mineralized tissues exposed to the external environment in which there are complex interactions between different surfaces: the host network software and hardware, food, air, and microorganisms. Saliva includes a large number of inorganic and organic compounds, which act as "mirrors the body's health." In addition to its other functions, saliva could constitute the first line of defense against oxidative stress. Because the composition and function, saliva can have a significant role in controlling oxidative damage and / or modulation in the oral cavity. As a diagnostic fluid, saliva offers distinctive advantages over serum. Furthermore, saliva may
provide cost-effective approach for screening large populations. Gland specific saliva can be used for diagnosis of pathology specific to one of the major salivary glands. Whole saliva, however, is the most frequently used for diagnosis of systemic disease. When we entered the era of genomic medicine, sialochemistry will play an increasingly important role in early detection, monitoring and development of systemic and oral disease. We review the current data in the literature and our research on the clinical potential of saliva.

Introduction

Saliva comes from several types of salivary glands. Each type of salivary gland salivate with composition characteristics and properties. Secretions from this gland has been shown to differ very different, being complex in composition and are affected by various forms of stimulation, time of day, diet, age, gender, various disease states, and several pharmacological agents. The whole saliva fluid mixtures derived primarily from three pairs of major salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands .. About 90% of the total volume of saliva results from these three pairs of gland activity, with most of the rest of the minor salivary glands located in various oral mucosal sites. Whole saliva also contains gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), transudations mucosa, expectorated bronchial and nasal secretions, serum and blood derivatives from mouth sores, bacteria and bacterial products, viruses and fungi, desquamated epithelial cells, other cellular components , and food scraps. Serum constituents that are not part of normal salivary constituents (ie, drugs and hormones) can reach the saliva in several ways: intracellular (through passive transfer, by diffusion) and extracellular (ultrafiltration) . Serum constituents were also found in whole saliva as a result of outflows GCF. Depending on the degree of inflammation in the gingiva, GCF is both transudation of serum or, more generally, an inflammatory exudation of serum-containing constituents. Saliva can be collected with or without stimulation. The best two ways to collect the whole saliva is drying method, in which saliva is allowed to drip from the lower lip, and spit method, in which saliva expectorates subject to a test tube.

CLICK HERE FOR ARTICLE
Let us analyze the saliva