A sialadenitis (= sialadenitis) is generally caused by a saliva stone (= sialolith), which is caught in the duct of the salivary gland: In the behind accumulated saliva bacteria and viruses can multiply and cause inflammation. For the formation of salivary stones (known Sialolithiasis) - and thus for the subsequently formed sialadenitis - as possible causes are a changed composition of saliva and pre-existing diseases (such as cystic fibrosis or mumps) questioned with narrowed gland ducts. A salivary stone can humans generally develop in any salivary gland of the head, most of it, however, occurs in one of the major salivary glands. Predominantly salivary stones are formed there in the third to fifth decade of life, but also children can be affected.''
An inflammation of the pancreas usually shows itself suddenly and unilaterally (for mumps but rather on both sides). Whether sialolith alone (without concurrent sialadenitis) triggers symptoms depends on its location and size. Typically, salivary gland inflammation and salivary stones noticed as a swelling of the affected gland and pain. Often take the symptoms while eating, because this increased saliva forms. In addition, the skin may become red in the area of ??the affected glands and fever. It is generally recommended for a salivary gland inflammation, stimulate the flow of saliva (through so-called salivary Locker: eg acidic, sugar-free candies, chewing gums or beverages), to clean the salivary gland by increased salivation and so may carry a small salivary stone outward. For the treatment of salivary gland inflammation, pain-relief and anti-inflammatory drugs are used; help antibiotics against bacterial pathogens. It is also advisable to remove one of the inflammation underlying salivary stone surgically or by using other methods to remove the saliva jam. Adequately addressed the sialadenitis usually has a favorable prognosis.''
Sialadenitis, salivary stone: Definition
The salivary glands inflammation caused by bacteria or virus infection of a salivary gland, which is often caused by a saliva stone. The technical language term for the inflammation of the salivary gland is sialadenitis or Sialoadenitis, formation of stones (= sialoliths) and calcification in a salivary gland called Sialolithiasis. In 80 percent of cases occur on the sialadenitis unilaterally, otherwise both sides. The inflamed salivary gland swells very painful. The salivary glands make saliva and thus make sure that we can swallow our food easier. Each person makes every day a half to two liters of saliva, with more than 90 percent of this total comes from the major salivary glands. The saliva varies greatly throughout the day and is subject to a certain pattern: At night, they are very low, while eating or due to various stimuli and sensations - particularly at lunchtime - reinforced. A salivary stone can arise in any salivary gland of humans and triggering an sialadenitis. Most ignite but the six paired major salivary glands of man:
* the parotid gland (parotid) front of the ear,The numerous minor salivary glands, for example, in the lips, cheek or throat are however rarely affected by a salivary stone or a salivary gland inflammation. Salivary stones are composed mainly of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. A salivary stone may be a few millimeters in size to about two inches. The formation of stones - and thus also the resulting salivary gland inflammation - is probably the consequence of an altered salivary composition, for example, calcium excess (hypercalcemia), diabetes mellitus, gout, a steady accumulation of exudate in tight gland ducts or repeated infections.''
* the mandibular gland (submandibular gland) in the floor of the mouth on the inside of the lower jaw and
* the sublingual gland (sublingual).''
Frequency
The salivary gland inflammation occurs mostly by a saliva stone, but not each have the same salivary gland is affected mainly: Salivary stones are found with greatest frequency (approximately 63-95% of cases) in the submandibular gland, while the sialadenitis usually the parotid gland is inflamed. A salivary stone, requiring treatment has, in Germany at a frequency of approximately 2200 to 5000 cases per year. Salivary stones are formed frequently between the 20th and 50th Age, but can occur in children.
Sialadenitis, salivary stone: causes
A salivary gland inflammation are usually based on salivary stones as causes: a salivary stone (sialolith) blocked the duct of the salivary gland, so there will be a flood of saliva. In congested secretions which bacteria or viruses cause inflammation of the salivary gland. The exact causes for the formation of salivary stones is not clear.''
As causes of salivary gland inflammation of salivary stones are also narrowing, scars or tumors of the salivary glands being: you have the same effect as a salivary stone. Poor oral hygiene or a sore mouth (stomatitis) favor the development of salivary gland inflammation in addition. Among the viral diseases that can cause a salivary stone, narrowed gland ducts and salivary gland inflammation, include mumps in childhood, but also the cytomegalovirus or the Coxsackie A virus. Rare causes of inflammation of the salivary glands are autoimmune diseases such as collagen or marked by the strong dry mouth Sjögren's syndrome.''
Drugs to reduce the flow of saliva, are also as causes of sialadenitis question. These include, for example, dehydrating agents (known as diuretics), tablets for depression (known as antidepressants), allergies (antihistamines) or heart complaints. The risk of salivary stones by these drugs is not increased.''
Irradiation, for example in a tumor therapy may trigger a temporary sialadenitis: the so-called radiation-induced sialadenitis.''
Sialadenitis, salivary stone: Symptoms
At a sialadenitis symptoms usually occur suddenly and unilaterally (but rather on both sides, if the inflammation is a result of the salivary glands of mumps). Whether a salivary stone that has not yet caused sialadenitis, triggers symptoms depends on how big the stone is and where it is located. Regardless of whether a salivary stone or any other cause is responsible for the salivary gland inflammation, swollen inflamed salivary gland, is hard and painful. These symptoms take in food, so it makes more saliva, which exerts pressure on the inflamed tissue. Often it comes with a sialadenitis to fever. The skin over the gland is red and feels warm. Sometimes pus in the mouth and causes an unpleasant taste. If a parotid gland inflammation, as well as chewing can be painful, as the jaw joint and the muscles of mastication are nearby. Often, individuals may open her mouth any more.
As a possible symptom of a pure salivary stone that has not caused any salivary gland inflammation in the affected salivary gland occurs a painful or painless swelling. Sometimes solve pure sialoliths these symptoms only when increased saliva forms (eg, eating).
Sialadenitis, salivary stone: therapy
At a sialadenitis appropriate therapy depends on various factors, for example, of the cause (often a saliva stone) and the extent of inflammation. Generally, it is for the treatment of salivary gland inflammation recommended to stimulate the flow of saliva to saliva called loosening. These include acidic, sugar-free candies, chewing gum and drinks containing lemon juice, for example. The saliva by these unconsolidated increasingly educated saliva cleanses the salivary gland. If a salivary stone is present, promoted the increased salivation the stone may even out. If you have a bacterial sialadenitis, antibiotic therapy is effective, has the salivary gland ignited by viruses, help pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory drugs. Cooling alcoholic envelopes, soft diet, plenty of fluids and intensive oral hygiene accelerate healing.''
When as a result of the salivary gland inflammation, an abscess has formed, you can divide it appropriately surgically allow the pus to drain. Removal of the salivary gland is necessary when heaped salivary gland inflammation occur (with or without salivary stone) or if it is suspected that a tumor is present.''
Is the salivary gland inflammation caused by a salivary stone, the treatment depends on where the stone is located and how big it is:
* In a salivary stone lying at the end of the duct of the salivary gland, the treatment is independent of the size of stone in it, to release it through a Gangschlitzung or with regular massages.
* Not too tentative salivary stones, which are located deep in the ducts or in the tissue of a gland and a maximum of eight millimeters in size, are suitable for the so-called extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL): This is directed to the doctor sound waves from outside the salivary stone, then, at best, breaks down into small parts (calculus). Saliva flow transports these items then outward.
* If you have a lot of stones, or a salivary stone is greater than eight millimeters, it is advisable to remove the affected gland surgically. For surgery and a hospital stay of about a week's schedule.
Sialadenitis, salivary stone: History
At a number of factors, such as inflammation of the salivary glands cause determined (often a saliva stone) and duration of the course of inflammation, and prognosis. When appropriately treated, run most salivary gland inflammation but good: if against a bacterial sialadenitis example, antibiotics are used, the symptoms usually decrease rapidly and the inflammation heals consequences. If it is necessary in the course of salivary gland inflammation, remove the inflamed salivary gland surgery, this has no significant influence on the production of saliva: form The remaining salivary glands remain the same total amount of saliva.
Complications
If the sialadenitis takes a longer course, various complications arise: How can an abscess - form - an encapsulated collection of pus. Breaks up the abscess and drains out through the skin or into the adjacent neck tissues that may cause generalized infection, and even a life-threatening blood infection (sepsis) may occur.
Chronic sialadenitis leads to scarring and loss of tissue. The affected gland is then hardly saliva and can be felt as a firm knot. Is the treatment of salivary gland inflammation is to remove the inflamed salivary gland surgery, are characterized in rare cases complications are possible: The operation can cause damage to the facial nerve, in some cases it results in a facial paralysis (peripheral facial palsy).
Sialadenitis, salivary stone: Prevention
A salivary gland inflammation and its most common cause, the salivary stone, you can prevent caused by
* pay attention to thorough dental care and oral hygiene, and
* much to drink.
Also by increased production of saliva you can prevent sialadenitis or sialolith: increased saliva cleanses the salivary glands and may flush out existing small stones from the salivary glands. To stimulate the production of saliva, you can suck on sugar-free and sour candy and take appropriate beverages.
If you have a salivary stone, it is wise precaution to remove the accused in any case, so that no sialadenitis developed.
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